In a 1943 paper titled
“A Theory of Human Motivation”, American psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed a
concept known as the hierarchy of needs. This famous hierarchy takes the shape
of a pyramid: at the base are the most essential, primal human needs, such as
food and shelter. Towards the tip of the pyramid are
psychological needs that,
when fulfilled, allow us to adjust to society and the relationship with the
self. These more complex and nuanced needs, including self-esteem, freedom, and
self-actualization, are still vital. Although not as “basic” as needs like
sleep, health, and clothing, these upper-pyramid needs are still fundamental to
overall well-being and mental health.
اضافة اعلان
The fourth level
of Maslow’s hierarchy (out of five) bears the broad label of “esteem”, covering
several specific needs. Esteem-related needs can be divided into self-esteem
and “other”-esteem, or the desire for reputation and respect from those around
you. Self-esteem can be further divided into three categories: self-esteem,
self-worth, and self-respect. Understanding the importance of these needs and
how to meet them can contribute to a whole and fulfilled life.
The esteem trifecta
These three categories are distinct, yet closely interrelated. To
understand self-respect requires an understanding of the other two needs.
Self-esteem is the recognition of personal qualities and characteristics that
are perceived as positive. Meanwhile, self-worth is a person’s assessment of
themself as a valuable and capable person who deserves respect and
consideration.
In essence,
self-esteem is how we evaluate our positive traits — when we have high
self-esteem, it means we are honest and realistic about the things that make us
special or good. If we have low self-esteem, it means we overlook our positive
qualities.
Whereas
self-esteem deals with only positive traits,
self-worth considers all
characteristics, both positive and negative. A person with high self-worth
recognizes that they have negative qualities, but still are deserving of love,
value, and respect. Thus, although the two are closely related, they are not
the same: it is possible to have high self-worth while having low self-esteem.
‘Proper regard’
Self-respect can be defined in many ways. The
American Psychological Association has a specific definition related to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
It defines self-respect as “a feeling of self-worth and self-esteem, especially
a proper regard for one’s values, character, and dignity.” In order to have
self-respect, then, one must have high levels self-esteem and especially
self-worth. Self-respect requires a strong appreciation for your individual
identity, which is based on your morals, thoughts, and behaviors.
Achieving high levels
of self-respect has many benefits. First, the path to high self-respect
involves recognizing inherent worth and finding happiness within. Additionally,
self-respect is based off of a strong sense of morals. This means that building
self-respect involves developing, defining, and upholding strong personal
values, ultimately allowing you to easily establish boundaries with others.
Similarly, inner
fulfillment becomes important in
relationships. Although there is a natural
tendency to depend on others for emotional support, self-respect allows your
emotions to be independent of external factors. This independence is valuable
in all forms of social relationships including friendships, familial
relationships, and even workplace relationships.
Starting young
There are many factors that impact self-respect. As in most aspects of
psychological well-being, self-respect is largely developed during childhood. A
child learns to love and find worth within themselves when the adults in their
lives see and express that worth to them. It is during childhood that people
learn that they do not need to be or do anything extraordinary to deserve love
and respect.
However, the ability
for a child to experience this is largely contingent on whether or not the
parents are also at peace with their sense of self. Parents who have high
levels of self-worth and self-respect are more likely to pass these values on
to their children — a gift that can last a lifetime.
Other external
factors during childhood and even adulthood can affect self-respect.
Superficial markers of success such as net worth, career, and achievements are
important in Maslow’s hierarchy of external esteem needs. However, problems may
arise if these markers of success are conflated with internal metrics of
validation. Although being successful in society is important, it should not
determine or define your self-worth and, by extension, your self-respect.
Similarly, if you judge yourself on factors such as physical appearance and
social status, it can negatively impact self-respect.
Expressing unconditional love
Building self-respect starts from childhood, especially adolescence.
Everyone, regardless of whether they are parents, can help young people build
their self-respect: coaches, teachers, and older role models all have an
important role in the development of a child’s self-worth.
The main way to
enhance a child’s self-respect and self-worth is by communicating, letting them
know that they are valued and loved for being who they are and not for what
they do. There are many ways to approach this vital task, but research has
established two prominent methods. The first is to provide
unconditional love,
respect, and positive regard. When a child sees that they are loved and
deserving of love, then it becomes easier for them to appreciate themselves.
The second method is giving children early and frequent opportunities to
succeed. As a child has successful experiences, it can help boost feeling of
competency and confidence. Additionally, it also provides an opportunity for
healthy risk-taking, which is fundamental to personal growth and development.
That said, it is
important to formulate such opportunities for success correctly. First, these
opportunities should be used to emphasize a child’s positive attributes and
show themselves that they are competent. Second, the experience itself should
not be responsible for improving self-worth and respect — it should only be a
catalyst for discovery. Lastly, in order for the experience to be beneficial, a
child should accomplish the endeavor on their own, with little to no help.
Time for some
soul-searching
Although building self-worth and self-respect in adulthood is more
difficult, it is by no means impossible. Worth and respect are found by first
identifying your values. In order to do this, you will need to do some
introspective soul-searching. You can start by asking yourself questions such
as: what are the things you find important? Providing thoughtful answers to
such questions can help you better understand yourself and your morals.
Next, it is
important to focus on internal qualities and characteristics, not on external
ones. Self-respect and self-worth are derived from your character, morals,
values, and actions — so do not focus on things like appearance, net worth, and
achievements. Furthermore, one of the greatest keys to self-respect is
accepting yourself. We are often our own worst critics, and this is not always
a bad thing — a critical view is often the starting point for improvement and
growth. However, we also tend to be
hypercritical, which can be harmful and
inhibit growth. Focusing on your thoughts and challenging negative thinking can
help you accept your own flaws, and recognize your worth despite them.
Lastly, zooming out from experiences and
finding self-respect because or in spite of them can help. The way you perceive
yourself should be independent of accomplishments and external factors. The
more time you spend with yourself, the deeper you can understand your strengths
and values. This ultimately can help you to stave off self-doubt and depend on
— and respect —yourself more.
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