PARIS — As wildfires supercharged by climate change-induced drought
and heat waves ravage southern Europe, conservationists are increasingly
concerned for the fate of the continent's wild species which are struggling to
stay ahead of the rampaging blazes.
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"Fires falling outside natural patterns are jeopardizing the survival
of wildlife, which are killed or injured through direct contact with smoke and
flames or suffer widespread habitat destruction," Margaret
Kinnaird, global wildlife practice leader at WWF International, told AFP.
While it is hard to gauge the impact of individual fires on specific
species, there is no doubt that the blazes destroying thousands of hectares of
their natural habitat is bound to disrupt certain animals.
"There are so many fires it is impossible to know which ones are
serious and having an impact," said Craig Hilton-Taylor, head of the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List unit.
"In an area impacted by fire, it will also depend on the species found
at those sites as to how susceptible they will be — some species are tolerant
of fires and others may even thrive after fire."
Turkey
According to WWF's preliminary observations, the
fires in the forests and
mountains of Turkey's southern Mugla and Antalya provinces have caused
"extensive damage" to habitats of desert lynx, wild goat, eagle owl,
and woolly dormouse.
In total the environment inhabited by 121 species has been damaged in
Antalya and by 87 species — including woodpeckers and reptiles — in Mugla.
Greece
In neighboring
Greece, WWF said it had recorded "major disasters in
many parts of the country, with the recent forest fires affecting vital
ecosystems and countless wild and domestic animals."
It said that the hard-hit north of the Attica region was home to the only
area in southern Greece where critically endangered red deer lived, adding that
the region was home to two packs of grey wolves, another endangered and protected
species.
Italy
Italy's national Aspromonte park, which comprises a large part of the
Cantabria region, has been hit by a string of fires in recent weeks.
The park is home to the rare forest dormouse, WWF said.
Flames were also threatening several species endemic to Sardinia, "one
of the most biodiversity-rich regions in the Mediterranean," it added.
Among those at risk are the Sardinian deer, which was saved from extinction
in the 1980s, the Sardinian partridge, and the Sardinian hare, it said.
Fires in Abruzzo, Sardinia, Puglia, and Sicily were having a "huge
impact on wildlife and important ecosystems that are already threatened by
fragmentation, land transformation, hunting, poaching, and illegal
logging," WWF said.
France
A large blaze ravaging southern France near the tourist hotspot of Saint
Tropez has burned part of the Plaine des Maures nature reserve.
The reserve is one of the last spots where Hermann's tortoises — Europe's
last land turtle — still live.
There are around 10,000 of the tortoises in the
reserve, according to Concha Agero, deputy head of France's Office for
Biodiversity.
"We hope that with previous fires, they are able to burrow underground
and will only be partially burned," she told AFP.
Russia
Russia's largest region of Yakutia is ablaze, with fires "threatening
many of the large animals that dwell in the region's protected areas,"
according to WWF.
These include populations of elk, wild reindeer, roe deer, brown bears,
wolves, wolverines, lynx, and flying squirrel, as well as rare species such
as musk deer, snow sheep, black-clawed marmot, white cranes, black cranes,
gyrfalcons, peregrine falcons, white-tailed eagles, and golden eagles, it said.
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