Ethiopia's military this week regained control of territory
previously claimed by Tigrayan rebels, a potential validation of Prime Minister
Abiy Ahmed's decision to join soldiers to conflict-hit areas.
اضافة اعلان
Yet how the government scored its wins and what they mean
for an eventual outcome in the year-old war remain points of fierce debate as
fighting enters a new, uncertain phase.
Just a month ago, the Tigray People's Liberation Front
(TPLF) rebel group appeared to be on the offensive, claiming to have captured
Dessie and Kombolcha, towns on a key highway headed towards the capital Addis
Ababa.
They reportedly reached as far as Shewa Robit, around 220 kilometers
northeast of Addis Ababa by road.
But after Abiy announced last week he would lead operations
in the field, the government announced a string of victories and the rebels
acknowledged making adjustments to their strategy.
State media has responded with triumphalist wall-to-wall
coverage.
"The enemy is destroyed, disintegrated," the
Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation quoted Abiy as saying Thursday.
There's little doubt the government can claim to have the
"upper hand" in specific areas, said Awet Weldemichael, a Horn of
Africa security expert at Queen's University in Canada.
"Only time will tell if these can be translated into
(the) upper hand in the war," he said.
A surprise shift
The war in northern Ethiopia broke out in November 2020 when
Abiy sent troops to topple the TPLF — a move he said came in response to TPLF
attacks on federal army camps.
Though Abiy, the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize winner, promised a
quick victory, by late June the TPLF had retaken most of Tigray, and it soon
launched offensives into neighboring Afar and Amhara regions.
The rebels' march towards Addis sparked international panic,
with a host of embassies urging their citizens to leave the country as soon as
possible.
All the while, though, the exact nature of the TPLF advance
was in dispute.
"I don't know whether we should call it an
advance," one Western security official told AFP in mid-November.
"There's not a huge column of tanks and armored
vehicles driving down the road towards Addis. It's more complex than that. There
are foot soldiers going into the mountains, they shoot and surround certain
areas" but do not seem to fully control cities and towns, the official
said.
The TPLF also never explicitly said it wanted to enter Addis
Ababa, instead simply declining to rule out such a move.
The latest battlefield shifts unfolded swiftly.
The government first claimed towns in Afar, near a critical
highway bringing goods to Addis Ababa, then on Wednesday it declared victory in
Lalibela, a UNESCO World Heritage site that fell to the TPLF in August.
On Friday state media announced that towns on the road
heading north towards Dessie and Kombolcha had been "liberated".
The news could be a sign that government forces, as well as
many thousands of new recruits who have enlisted in recent months, have more
fight than they've gotten credit for.
"I was quite surprised by the latest counteroffensive
by the government," said Mehdi Labzae, a sociologist who studies land
issues and mobilization in Ethiopia.
"I have seen all the people who were mobilized ... but
the thing is I thought they were not trained and I thought they would just be
destroyed."
The path ahead
The African Union is trying to broker a ceasefire to avert
further bloodshed, though there has been little progress so far.
The TPLF insists it will have the advantage in whatever
fighting is to come.
"In battle, it's known there will be adjustments and limited
retreat as well as significant moves forward," TPLF military boss Tadesse
Worede said in an interview that aired Friday.
"We decided that to reduce problems and vulnerabilities
in some areas we had reached, to leave some of those places voluntarily."
For Labzae, such statements recall the government's
announcement that it was withdrawing from most of Tigray in late June — a claim
that elided military setbacks even as TPLF fighters celebrated in the streets
of the regional capital Mekele.
"They were so close (to Addis). Why would they turn
back now?" Labzae said of the TPLF.
"It means there was something worrying them or
something that did not look good for them."
One possibility, said Awet of Queen's University, is that
the government's superior air power has turned the tide — at least for now.
"Drones are claimed to have played a decisive role in
active combat, the full extent of which we are yet to find out," he said.
"But so far, it appears like they have helped halt
Tigrayan counterattacks and advances."
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