GOYANG, South Korea — A South Korean publisher’s
defiant move to release the memoirs of the North’s founder
Kim Il Sung has
triggered a heated debate over Seoul’s decades-old ban on Pyongyang’s
propaganda under national security laws.
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Critics of the measure say Southerners are politically
mature enough to judge such material for themselves and argue it amounts to
unnecessary censorship in a vibrant democracy that is one of the most wired and
educated countries in the world.
But the South remains officially at war with its
nuclear-armed and impoverished neighbor, with legislation to match.
The national security law dates from 1948, before the
outbreak of the Korean War, and still blocks ordinary citizens from accessing
most North Korean-produced content, including its official
Rodong Sinmun newspaper.
Reproducing or possessing banned pro-Pyongyang materials is
punishable by up to seven years in prison.
Even so publisher Kim Seung-kyun in April released the North
Korean founder’s eight-volume memoirs, titled “With the Century,” telling AFP
he did so to promote inter-Korean reconciliation.
An anti-North civic group filed a criminal complaint, police
launched an investigation and within days the country’s major bookstores — who
had received it via a publishers’ association — pulled it from their shelves.
It briefly remained available online for 280,000 won ($250)
for the full set, but by last week it was no longer available from popular web
portal Naver, while searches on local bookselling platforms Kyobo and Yes24
showed no results.
The moves triggered a debate over censorship and whether
people really needed to be protected from reading the words of Kim Il Sung.
“South Koreans already have a high level of judgment,” said
Ha Tae-keung, a lawmaker from the conservative People Power Party — who was
jailed under the national security law as a student activist.
“No one is going to be deceived by a fantasy-like memoir of
Kim Il Sung anymore,” he told AFP. “We now need to actively guarantee freedom
of expression.”
Kim Il Sung, the grandfather of the North’s current leader
Kim Jong Un, ruled the world’s most reclusive country for nearly five decades
until his death in 1994, with a mixture of his own brand of Stalinism and an
unabashed personality cult.
The memoir, first published by Pyongyang in 1992 and
available in around 20 languages around the world, portrays him as a heroic
Korean guerilla leader against Japanese colonial forces, often denying and
downplaying his Chinese and Soviet connections.
Researchers describe it as largely a “work of fiction” with
archival Soviet evidence disproving some of its key claims, but add that it has
value regardless of historical inaccuracies.
Despite its “mind-numbing prose”, the book revealed
Pyongyang’s “propensity to falsehoods” and “cult of personality”, said
Sung-yoon Lee, a Korean studies professor at Tufts University in the United
States.
Suzy Kim, a Korean history professor at Rutgers University,
said it demonstrated how the regime in Pyongyang “traces its legitimacy to its
anticolonial roots.”
To this day, she added, many of the North’s challenges are
“often justified as sacrifices made for standing up to continued imperialist
policies imposed by the Japanese and US governments.”
Democracy and war
The national security law technically makes mere possession
of pro-North materials punishable by up to seven years in prison — while
visiting the country without government permission has a maximum 10 year
sentence.
The United Nations has said the act poses a “seriously
problematic” challenge to freedom of expression in the South, and the US State
department regularly criticizes it in its annual human rights reports.
Thousands were imprisoned under the legislation by the
authoritarian military governments that ruled the South for decades, often
accused of engaging in pro-Pyongyang activities or spying for the North.
Publisher Kim — who originally obtained the text several
years ago for a government-authorized restricted distribution to research
institutions — said he had no intention of benefitting Pyongyang.
Releasing the text was “a way to love my country” by
promoting inter-Korean understanding, the 82-year-old told AFP at his home in
Goyang.
“If that is deemed a crime, I am willing to be punished.”
Police confirmed to AFP that their investigation into
whether Kim had violated the national security law was continuing.
New Paradigm of Korea, the group that filed the complaint,
insisted that the general public was susceptible to “totalitarian propaganda
manipulation.”
Allowing the book’s distribution would be “comparable to
handing a nuclear bag to the enemy on a spiritual level,” it added.
But Professor Lee said: “Let the publisher and consumer act
freely and allow the market, including the market of ideas, determine the
book’s fate.
“The freedom of speech, even false and outrageous speech
that beautifies the despicable, should be protected in a genuine democracy.”
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