KHARTOUM — More than two years after Sudan's power-sharing deal was inked, analysts
say the role of civilian leaders is receding while the army remains dominant.
اضافة اعلان
Sudan's military ousted and detained long-time autocrat Omar
Al-Bashir in April 2019 after months of mass protests against his rule.
The country's powerful generals and key civil society
factions signed a deal four months later for a civilian government and
legislature to spearhead the post-Bashir transition.
A "sovereign council" of military and civilian figures
would constitute the ruling body.
But the legislative assembly has yet to materialize, and
splits have deepened within the Forces for Freedom and Change (FFC), the main
civilian alliance which led the anti-Bashir protests.
Support for Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok's transitional
government of technocrats has waned, in large part due to economic reforms that
have taken a heavy toll on many Sudanese households.
And delays in delivering justice to the families of those
killed under Bashir, and even during the 2019 protests following his ouster,
have left the government open to further criticism.
"Foot-dragging by the military on key aspects of the
transition ... has stunted progress," said Jonas Horner of the
International Crisis Group.
"Internal divisions and a dearth of capacity have hurt
the civilians' ability to keep the transition ticking over," he added.
The 2019 accord initially outlined a three-year transition,
but that period was reset when Sudan signed a peace deal with an alliance of
rebel groups last October.
The military and civilian camps only work "in sync
sporadically", Horner said.
"The military has effectively retained its power."
Deep military involvement
Horner said forming the transitional legislative council
"would be key to initiating oversight over the military".
"But both security forces and older political parties,
concerned about a dilution of their current powers, have blocked this crucial
reform."
The military has been heavily involved in foreign policy
decisions since the power-sharing deal.
Last year, Sudan announced plans to normalize ties with
Israel as the US agreed to remove Khartoum from Washington's state sponsors of
terror blacklist.
The Sudanese decision upended policy in place since the 1967
Arab-Israeli Six-Day War, said Omar Al-Digeir, a leader in the FFC civilian
alliance.
The transitional government signed the accord in January
during a visit by Washington's Treasury chief, and simultaneously obtained US
financial aid.
Government officials have said the deal would come into
effect only after the approval of the yet-to-be formed legislature.
According to analyst Magdi El-Gizouli of the Rift Valley
Institute think tank, "the re-orientation of Sudan's foreign policy since
Bashir was outlined by the military".
It also "translated into closer ties with the US".
The military has also been key to agreeing to peace deals
with rebel groups.
A senior member of the ruling council, Mohamed Hamdan Daglo,
known as Hemeti — commander of a feared paramilitary force — signed last
October's peace deal with a key rebel alliance on behalf of Khartoum.
Talks this year with a holdout rebel group also involved
senior military figures.
Military expert Amin Ismail said civilian participation in
peace talks with the rebels was "limited".
"They left the issue completely to the military."
'Highly sensitive'
The military also dominates lucrative companies specializing
in everything from agriculture to infrastructure projects.
Hamdok said last year that 80 percent of the country's
public resources were "outside the finance ministry's control",
without specifying the proportion controlled by the army.
A military source who requested anonymity told AFP that the
involvement of civilians in any military affairs remains a "highly sensitive"
issue.
"Recent civilian calls for security sector reforms may
accordingly continue to face resistance," the source added.
Civilian leaders and former rebel factions have been pushing
for reforms that include integrating paramilitaries and armed groups into the
armed forces.
According to Digeir from the FFC civilian alliance, the 2019
power-sharing accord failed to specify who would be overseeing the security
reforms.
"Instead, it was left to be shared between both
sides," he said.
Horner said the transitional deal demands that civilians
"ultimately exercise oversight of the military".
"But there has been no sign of military will to step
away from their dominant role in the country," he added.
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